The aim of this study was to develop an ELISA assay to improve the identification of aPT in correlation with thrombosis. Furthermore, even though it is assumed that aPS/PT interact with prothrombin, they may react against PS and other plasma proteins capable of interacting with PS ( 5). Beyond the technical aspects, this distinction has strong clinical value since aPS/PT but not aPT-A are the ones often found in APS patients at high risk of thrombosis ( 3, 4), arguing for a potential pathogenic role in the onset and progression of APS disease.ĭespite recent advances in analytical methods, detection of aPT, and especially aPS/PT, has proven difficult to standardize because of the transient nature of the phospholipid-bound complex, which requires calcium ions, and the variable source/purity of phospholipids and antigen. Alternatively, prothrombin is bound, in the presence of calcium ions, to plastic wells pre-coated with phosphatidylserine (PS), in which case aPT are referred as to anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies (aPS/PT). First, prothrombin is directly immobilized onto a hydrophilic plastic plate, in which case aPT are named aPT-A. Currently, aPT are detected using two methods ( 3). Among aPL, anti-prothrombin antibodies (aPT) are believed to be clinically relevant since they are linked to thrombosis ( 2). Since aPS/PT but not aPT-A are an emerging biomarker of thrombosis in APS, this method may find utility for detecting pathogenic aPT in APS but also other prothrombotic conditions such as COVID-19.Īntiphospholipid syndrome is a debilitating condition characterized by vascular thrombosis in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), which persist >12 weeks in patients’ plasma ( 1). When compared to aPS/PT and aPT-A, aPT-Bio showed an excellent linear correlation with aPS/PT (R 2 = 0.85) but not with aPT-A (R 2 = 0.40). Antibodies against ProTS525A-Biot (aPT-Bio) were found in 24 out of 27 triple-positive APS patients (88%). ProTS525A-Biot was immobilized to neutravidin-coated plates at the desired density and with a defined orientation, i.e., pointing the N-terminal fragment-1 toward the solvent. We generated a novel prothrombin variant, ProTS525A-Biot, carrying an artificial tag at the C-terminus suitable for site-specific biotinylation and added the mutation S525A to improve stability. Here, we developed a new ELISA assay to improve the identification of aPT and compared its performance with currently available anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies (aPS/PT) and autoantibodies targeting prothrombin bound to the plastic plate (aPT-A) assays using a cohort of 27 APS patients at high risk of thrombosis. However, their detection has proven difficult to standardize. 3Arianna Foundation on Anticoagulation, Bologna, ItalyĪutoantibodies targeting prothrombin (aPT) can be found in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients.2Thrombosis Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Hungarian Pengo, an extinct currency used between 19.Ĭardinal Pengo of Tanzania said that some media, out of selfish ends, lose no opportunity to attack the pope.Mathivanan Chinnaraj 1 Vittorio Pengo 2,3 Nicola Pozzi 1* When you fear fiat currency and quantitative easing, think always of the Pengo. I suspected that Zimbabwe's hyperinflation was the worst in recorded history until I learned about the infamous devaluing of the Pengo in 19. You should mention the world recorder Hyperinflation "Riches", the Hungarian 100 million billion (100 quintillion) Pengo. In Transition: Livable Streets, Lovable Lenses BikeSnobNYC 2010 Still, you've got to admit that Pengo is pretty quick on the draw, and I suggest that you watch your wallet around him. The 25 best smartphone games of 2011 (so far) – part one 2011 Imagine LittleBigPlanet crossed with Pengo and Jon Ritman's 8bit classic Head Over Heels and what you have in your head is not a million miles away from ilomilo.
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